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Kempton Park formerly also a larger manor known as Kempton today refers to Kempton Park Racecourse in the Spelthorne district of Surrey which was in the Medieval period a private parkland, the remaining parkland of its royal manor. Kempton appears on the Middlesex Domesday Map as ''Chenetone'' a later variant of which was Chennestone, with early royal references to Kenyngton a source of some confusion which may relate instead to Kennington; the first Kempton Park was inclosed by royal licence in 1246. Aside from the park, its land was for much of its history a slightly less valuable, smaller manor than that of Sunbury. Most of the ward of Sunbury East was in medieval times was part of Kempton as was the land of the Stain Hill Reservoirs and Kempton Park Reservoirs. ==The Park of the Manor== A spinney was inclosed as a park in 1246 and in the following year 24 deer were sent to it from Havering-atte-Bower. in Hanworth (now in Greater London) were added to the park in 1270; rabbits were mentioned in deeds in 1251 and in 1276, 100 deer were sent to Kempton. Horses were bred at Kempton in the early 14th century as on other royal manors. The park was first excluded from the lease of the manor in 1340. Deer were still kept in 1376 but a grant of the herbage was made in 1384.〔 Henry VIII enlarged the park by and in 1538 he ordered the stock of deer replenished. In 1594 the Crown leased the park with the manor and in 1631 the reversion of the freehold was granted with that of the manor to Robert Killigrew, whose father held an 80-year lease of the manor with Hanworth from 1594. A proviso in Robert's lease was that 300 deer be maintained within the park for the royal enjoyment but this was discharged in 1665 following the Civil War and interregnum or Commonwealth, under Charles II. As early as 1692 the whole estate of 458 acres: the manor, house, lands, and park, was described as Kempton Park, and this description became usual in the 19th century. At the end of the 17th century the estate contained about , 105 of which were called the Great Park, while most of the rest was grassland. In 1803 nearly 300 acres were parkland. Many fine trees on the estate were felled in the early 19th century, but there were still deer in the park until about 1835. In 1876 the estate was sold to a company who leased part of it to an associated company as a racecourse. The park was used in the World War I by the army and in World War II as a Prisoner of War Camp.〔 The estate contained 360 acres in 1957 which remains largely uninhabited except for three cottages, whereas the manor has been developed as residential housing or turned into reservoirs, a museum and pumping works.〔(Ordnance Survey map, courtesy of English Heritage )〕 A fish pond was ordered to be made in the park in 1246 and shortly afterwards was stocked with pike. Bream were put in the pond in 1253. A large pond in 2012 outside the eastern boundary of the park, lay inside it in 1692 and 1803.〔 The site of the medieval manor house may be represented by the traces of moats west and north what was Kempton Park House. The first recorded visit of a sovereign to Kempton was that of Henry III in 1220. Henry came to Kempton often in the next two decades and less frequently in the later part of his reign. Jousts were held in Kempton field in 1270. Edward I visited Kempton comparatively rarely and later kings seldom or never went there. Many apparent references to their visits in the 14th and 15th centuries seem rather to relate to Kennington which was then part of Surrey. The lord of Kempton granted the great tithes of that manor to Grestain Abbey in Normandy before 1104. From 1229 there are many references to buildings at Kempton. The king's chamber was mentioned in 1229 and in 1233 there was a chapel attached to it. The queen's chamber was mentioned in 1233 and the queen's wardrobe six years later. An almonry was to be built in 1233 and a hall was referred to in 1235. Two years later the chapel was rebuilt with an upper floor for the queen, and the king's court and chamber were enclosed by a wall. Various other rooms, gardens, and so forth are mentioned. A list was made in 1331 of repairs that were necessary; a record exists for 1340. It seems to have been demolished in 1374, when John of Kingston was given permission to sell all the timber and stone of Kempton manor-house.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kempton Park, Surrey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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